Introduction to Library Research and Using the College's Library: Evaluating Information

When you search for information, you're going to find plenty... but is it accurate and reliable? You will have to determine this for yourself, and the CRAAP Test can help. The CRAAP Test is a list of questions to help determine if the information you find is good quality. Your information source may not meet every criterion on this list; different criteria will be more or less important depending on your situation or need. So why guess? Is your source giving you truly credible and useful information, or just a lot of...?!

• When was the information published or posted?
• Has the information been revised or updated?
• Is the information current or too out-of-date for my topic?
• Are all the links functional or are there dead links?*

• Does the information relate to my topic or answer my question?
• Who is the intended audience?
• Is the information at an appropriate level (i.e. not too simple or advanced) for my needs?
• Did I look at a variety of sources before deciding to use this one?
• Would I be comfortable using this source for my college research paper?

• Who is the author/publisher/source/sponsor?
• Are the author's credentials or organizational affiliations given?
• What are the author's credentials or organizational affiliations?
• What are the author's qualifications to write on the topic?
• Is there contact information, such as a publisher or e-mail address?
• Does the URL reveal anything about the author or source? Examples: .com .edu .gov .org .net*

• Where does the information come from?
• Is the information supported by evidence?
• Has the information been reviewed by anyone else?
• Can I verify any of the information in another source or from personal knowledge?
• Does the language or tone seem biased? Or is it free of emotion?
• Are there spelling, grammar, typographical, or other errors?

• What is the purpose of the information? to inform? teach? sell? entertain? persuade?
• Do the authors/sponsors make their intentions or purpose clear?
• Is the information fact? opinion? propaganda?
• Does the point of view appear objective and impartial?
• Are there political, ideological, cultural, religious, institutional, or personal biases?

Adapted from: Evaluating information – Applying the CRAAP test, 9/17/2010. Reference & Instruction, Meriam Library ReSEARCH Station, Meriam Library, California State University, Chico, CA. 9 Jul 2020. <https://library.csuchico.edu/help/source-or-information-good>